PMC

Analysis of the chemical components present in cinnamon bark EOs (a) and clove bud EOs (b); the inset shows the peak retention time and identification for each EOs.

Representative images of cilantro (A), and cinnamon bark, clary sage, and clove (B) versus a 30 μg vancomycin control (C). Images represent n ≥ 6.

The LTA + PGN-induced cells were incubated with 5 µg/mL of the extracts for 24 h. All images were obtained at a magnification of ×40. (A) Media control; (B) 0.05% DMSO control; (C) 10 µg/mL LTA and PGN; (D) Licorice root; (E) Sage leaves; (F) Echinacea stem; (G) Echinacea flower; (H) Oregano shoots; (I) Thyme shoots; (J) Barberry root; (K) Slippery elm inner bark; (L) Clove flower bud; (M) Ginger rhizome; (N) Olive leaves; (O) Geranium leaves; (P) Echinacea leaves and (Q) Nimesulide.

The LTA + PGN-induced cells were incubated with 5 µg/mL of the extracts for 24 h. All images were obtained at a magnification of ×40. (A) Media control; (B) 0.05% DMSO control; (C) 10 µg/mL LTA and PGN; (D) Licorice root; (E) Sage leaves; (F) Echinacea stem; (G) Echinacea flower; (H) Oregano shoots; (I) Thyme shoots; (J) Barberry root; (K) Slippery elm inner bark; (L) Clove flower bud; (M) Ginger rhizome; (N) Olive leaves; (O) Geranium leaves; (P) Echinacea leaves; (Q) Danshen root and (R) Nimesulide.